The Michigan Court of Appeals refused to get involved in a fight over church property between a local church and the larger denomination that it belonged to, upholding a lower court ruling that the court had no jurisdiction to intervene in the dispute. The case was brought by a local church in Warren, Gospel Lighthouse Church, seeking to break away from the Assemblies of God denomination.
The courts are generally very reluctant to get involved in church property battles because it requires the government inserting itself into disputes between religious groups. Michigan courts are specifically bound by precedent that concludes that the First Amendment “severely circumscribes the role that civil courts may play in resolving church property disputes.”
In particular, the courts are only allowed to intervene in such disputes only where civil law clearly applies. In all other cases, the courts must “defer to the resolution of issues of religious doctrine or polity by the highest court of a hierarchical church organization.”
In this case, the Gospel Lighthouse Church argued that the Assemblies of God did not constitute a “hierarchical church organization” and therefore the court could and should intervene to allow the local church to break away from the denomination and retain the church’s property. The district rejected that argument and the appeals court has now upheld that ruling.
The ruling (PDF) notes that the constitution and bylaws of the Gospel Lighthouse church explicitly places itself as part of the Assemblies of God hierarchy, stating, “we . . . do hereby recognize ourselves as a local fellowship of believers, and a part of The General Council of the Assemblies of God, and of the Michigan District of the Assemblies of God…” The court also pointed to specific provisions in the church’s constitution on the settlement of property disputes:
Finally, Gospel Lighthouse’s constitution makes clear what should happen to the property in the event of a dispute. Article XII, Section 2 of the Gospel Lighthouse constitution provides, “in the event defection shall occur from the tenets of faith . . . resulting in a breach with the Assemblies of God, Michigan District . . . any portion of the membership subscribing to and practicing the aforesaid tenets of faith and the constitution and bylaws of Gospel Lighthouse and retaining membership with Gospel Lighthouse, shall retain possession of, and title to, all properties of said church with full rights thereto . . . .” Article XII, Section 3 states that “in the event this church shall cease to function for the purposes as declared heretofore in the Articles of its Constitution, then, after providing for the payments of its debts, the remaining assets . . . shall revert to, and be transferred to, the Michigan District of the Assemblies of God.”
Thus, the court said, they have no jurisdiction to overrule the plain meaning of the agreement.